摘要 :
In the agenda-setting process, prior to the decision-making process, there is a predecisional process whereby some issues are systematically blocked by powerful actors from being placed on the formal agenda. These issues are terme...
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In the agenda-setting process, prior to the decision-making process, there is a predecisional process whereby some issues are systematically blocked by powerful actors from being placed on the formal agenda. These issues are termed "nondecisions". This article argues that the predecisional process exists not only at the issue level but also at the level of problem definitions. Because of the empirical challenge of studying problem definitions that are not on the formal agenda, the article suggests examining problem definitions that were on the formal agenda and then disappeared from it. Such problem definitions can be termed nondecisions when their disappearance is due to latent power mechanisms, such as anticipated reactions or information control. The article tests these arguments using two American policy cases: prescription drug prices and child care. In so doing, it sheds light on the predecisional process and expands our understanding of the politics of problem definitions.
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摘要 :
Conversion-redirection of existing tools to new goals-is one strategy of gradual transformative change. This strategy is appealing because it does not require actors to introduce new programs or tools. Despite this appeal, it is n...
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Conversion-redirection of existing tools to new goals-is one strategy of gradual transformative change. This strategy is appealing because it does not require actors to introduce new programs or tools. Despite this appeal, it is not as broadly used as other gradual change strategies. This paper argues that this is because there is an additional condition for conversion. To convert an instrument, agents of change should see the connection between the tool and its original goal as loose. That takes place when actors perceive the tool as generic or when they are part of instrument constituencies and not advocacy coalition. The paper demonstrates this argument using an analysis of a positive and a negative case of conversion from immigrant integration policy in Israel. As such, the paper expands our understanding of conversion, going beyond institutional and political factors.
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